Phocaea 1914

Oktay Özel

Violence in a crumbling Empire

Teşkilât-ı Mahsûsa

Teşkilât-ı Mahsûsa

Paramilitary organisation Teşkilât-ı Mahsûsa (Special Organization) was behind not only the Phocaea events, but other acts of ethnic cleansing. Dr Oktay Özel explains.

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TEN YEARS OF WAR
1912-1922

VIOLENCE IN A
CRUMBLING EMPIRE

RIVAL ETHNO-RELIGIOUS NATIONALISMS

Teşkilât-ı Mahsûsa
(Special Organization)

THE ECONOMIC
BOYCOTTS

1914: A PRELUDE TO THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE?